Desk cuatro Pairwise D
Pairwise comparison of Dest among V. destructor variants infesting A. cerana and A. mellifera colonies revealed significant differences after correction for multiple comparisons (Table 4). The Dest values among V. destructor K variants infesting A. cerana were moderate to high, ranging between 0.18 and 0.63. The estimates among V. destructor K and C variants infesting A. cerana and the variant infesting A. mellifera were higher overall, ranging between 0.60 and 0.89. J2-1 showed the highest pairwise Dest values when combined with most variants. 91).
est analysis among V. destructor variants infesting A. mellifera and A. cerana colonies. Cell background color from blue to red correlates with increasing Dest estimate values. *** P < 0.001
Varroa destructor breeding
Mites accumulated off A. cerana regarding Hangzhou part and you can utilized experimentally in order to infest employee and you can drone brood tissue regarding both servers types belonged in order to variants K1-1/2, K1-step three, K1-5, K1-six, and K1-7. The fresh new projected quantity of variations in this region is seven, with a beneficial 95% depend on interval regarding (six.1, 19.6) to the a couple richness estimators determined (to have information, see Desk S8). The majority of foundresses have been rich (81–100%, indicate ± s.d = ninety five.1 ± 7.8%) when put on Good. cerana drone brood, however, only a third of them hit reproductive success (we.e., delivered one or more mated daughter) (Fig. 6). One of one hundred and two of 119 recreated for the almost every other brood models, we.elizabeth., towards the staff member brood off A. cerana and you may A great. mellifera, correspondingly. One of those three mites lead a feasible girl (Fig. 6a). The fresh haplotype of them three someone try defined as K1-1/2, and microsatellite data revealed that these mites belonged towards invasive mite inhabitants infesting A beneficial. mellifera (Figs. 4, 5).
Percentage of Varroa destructor foundress mites in place of with reproductive success after fresh infestation out-of an employee and you will b drone brood out-of Apis cerana and you may Apis mellifera. The initial host types of mites compiled for fresh infestation and new servers kinds experimentally plagued try shown to the left regarding new bars. Amount of people and you can territories plagued is actually indicated off to the right
More mites (58–84%, imply ± s.d = 68.six ± twelve.2%) obtained inside the Good. mellifera territories have been fertile whenever apply brood out-of each other server variety and both genders, having anywhere between twenty-five and you will forty% reaching reproductive success (Fig. 6). One or two mites obtained away from An excellent. mellifera was basically recognized as K1-5 variants (Figs. cuatro, 5). Such mites don’t reproduce (Fig. 6a). The five mites used in an enthusiastic atypical server were excluded regarding this new dataset to possess acting reproductive triumph.
Lack rather than occurrence out-of reproductive achievements try finest modeled when and the factors of one’s brand spanking new host species and you will server kinds towards that the mites was croatian dating apps in fact experimentally brought. Each other circumstances affected reproductive incapacity rather (Dining table S9). If the telecommunications between this type of circumstances is felt, brand new reproductive success of Good. cerana mites are less constant whenever infesting both computers compared so you’re able to Good. mellifera mites (Table S9). The chances of winning reproduction out of A good. mellifera mites was down with the An excellent. mellifera than simply towards the unique servers, An effective. cerana. During the A. cerana mites, achievement is actually more unlikely into the An excellent. mellifera servers than just with the A beneficial. cerana machines. About only times in which reproductive success are reached (by the mites via A great. mellifera in all types of brood and also by An effective. cerana mites within the A. cerana drone brood), this new proportion off foundresses achieving success is actually most useful modeled because of the basis out-of machine varieties infested. A somewhat deeper proportion from mites reached achievement within the A good. mellifera servers versus An excellent. cerana servers.