Equipment from Individual Nutrition, Company off Dinner Technology and Person Diet, Agricultural College or university from Athens, 75 Iera Odos St., Athens 11855, Greece; E-Mails: (O.Yards.); (V.B.); (An excellent.Z.)
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Abstract
All drinks hydrate and most also provide nutrients and energy. Our objective was to evaluate the contribution of drinks to total energy intake in summer and winter. Data were obtained using the Water Balance Questionnaire (WBQ) from a sample of the general population in Athens, Greece (n = 984), 473 individuals (42 ± 18 years) in summer and 511 individuals (38 ± 20 years) in winter stratified by sex and age. The WBQ embeds a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire of 58 foods and the Short International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Data were analyzed for the contribution of drinks to total energy intake. In winter, total energy intake was 2082 ± 892 kcal/day; energy intake from drinks was 479 ± 286 kcal/day and energy expenditure 1860 ± 390 kcal/day. In summer, total energy intake was 1890 ± 894 kcal/day, energy intake from drinks 492 ± 499 kcal/day and energy expenditure 1830 ± 491 kcal/day. Energy intake from drinks in summer was higher than in winter (p < 0.001)> Keywords: water balance questionnaire WBQ, winter, summer, hydration, sugar-sweetened drinks, drink
step 1. Inclusion
Beverages from the categories of tea, coffees, milk, fruit juice, carbonated drinks, diet products, energy beverages and alcohol can be found in a massive and you may growing quantity of alternatives. Assortment meets flavor choice, health brightwomen.net web bağlantısına bir göz atın criteria, and you may life need, if in case multiple drinks come, it is expected to started to euhydration .
Products lead up to twenty-five%–50% from drinking habits [dos,step three,4], for this reason he or she is important for conference every single day h2o requires and achieving euhydration. Hydration has been of this repair from regular actual and cognitive functions .
Although not, it has been debated one products lead somewhat on expanding obesity cost worldwide [6,7], mainly because of the times posts [8,nine,10]. In some training, Sugar Sweetened Beverages (SSB) use might have been in the weight gain in kids and people , if you are facts you to definitely decreasing SSBs will reduce the likelihood of carrying excess fat and you can relevant illness including diabetes might have been seen since the compelling . Energy intake from drinks has increased significantly over the past forty age by whenever 222 calorie consumption per individual daily .
However, drinks throughout the individuals categories don’t lead equally so you can time consumption . The power posts of drink and application patterns may suggest if you don’t, i.elizabeth., particular caloric products can be consumed rarely hence adding little or no to help you each day opportunity consumption. It’s been debated one to replacing sweetened caloric drinks having water may help eliminate total energy consumption into the fat consumers . Nonetheless, use of sweetened caloric drinks was a complex matter which can be viewed outside of the caloric share plus the newest context away from weight reduction habits .
Also, additionally to restaurants application, certain situations such as for example seasonality, physical working out profile and you can sex could affect the brand new diversity for the take in options and contribution to help you overall energy intake. These types of points haven’t been completely investigated; further degree in this area commonly elucidate the present day matter of energy intake out-of fat reduction sources and you may from drinks in particular.
When you look at the a past analysis conducted inside the Greece, by using the H2o Harmony Questionnaire (WBQ) unit, i unearthed that inside 984 grownups, 24% off drinking habits comes from beverages . There is a keen unequivocal must subsequent advanced throughout these findings, elucidating the sum out of drinks to complete time consumption and you can balance.